Consequences of Peace: The Versailles Settlement - Aftermath and Legacy

Makers of the Modern World: The peace conferences of 1919-23 and their aftermath
By Alan Sharp

Consequences of Peace: The Versailles Settlement - Aftermath and Legacy. This final volume in the Paris Peace Conference series will evaluate the immediate and later effects of the last great peace gathering which sought to settle the world’s affairs at a stroke – something that was not attempted after either the Second World War or the Cold War. The Versailles settlement has not enjoyed a great reputation. It has been blamed for causing a second major conflict within a generation, thus apparently fulfilling Marshal Foch’s gloomy prediction that ‘This is not a peace, it is an armistice for twenty years’. More recently commentators have suggested that the post-1989 ethnic disturbances in the Balkans and on the fringes of the former Soviet Union are ‘the old chickens of Versailles coming home to roost’. The contemporary world still struggles to come to terms with the implications of President Woodrow Wilson’s troublesome principle of national self-determination, and remains embroiled in the ambiguities and complexities of the Middle East, an area for whose boundaries and problems the Great War and settlement bear significant responsibility. We are also still seeking to realise more effectively some of the nobler ambitions of the peacemakers, expressed in the Covenant of the League of Nations, in their concern for the human rights of minority nationalities left on the wrong side of the new borders that they sanctioned, and in their attempt to extend criminal responsibility for war beyond the operational irregularities of combatants to political and military leaders. Ninety years on, the settlement still casts a long shadow.



Professor Alan Sharp is Provost of the Coleraine Campus at the University of Ulster. He joined the History Department at Ulster in 1971 and has been successively Professor of International Studies, a post in which he helped to set up degrees in International Studies and, later, International Politics, Head of the School of History and International Affairs, and since 2006 Provost of the Coleraine Campus. The focus of his teaching and research has been 20th-century international history and British foreign policy after the First World War, with a particular emphasis on the making and implementation of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919 on which he is an internationally recognised expert. His major publications include The Versailles Settlement:  Peacemaking in Paris, 1919 (1991) and two edited collections, Anglo-French Relations in the Twentieth Century: Rivalry and Cooperation (2000) co-edited with Professor Glyn Stone, and a special edition of Diplomacy and Statecraft in September 2005, co-edited with Professor Conan Fischer, entitled ‘The Versailles Settlement; Enforcement; Compliance; Contested Identities’ also published as After the Versailles Treaty (Routledge, 2007). He has also published widely on the Foreign Office under Lord Curzon and the foreign policy of the Lloyd George government.